Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders11DIABETES MELLITUS AND PREGNANCY..922BAGHERLARIJANIARASHHOSSEIN-NEZHAD20151005Diabetes during pregnancy is either concurrent diabetes, diagnosed before pregnancy, or ‘gestational diabetes mellitus’ (GDM), first diagnosed in pregnancy. GDM is the commonest metabolic disorder of pregnancy, with a prevalence of one to 14 percent, depending on the reporting team. The prevalence of GDM in Tehran is 4.7%. Diabetes concurrent with pregnancy is diagnosed according to the recently revised criteria of the National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG). GDM is diagnosed with a 100-gram 3-hour glucose tolerance test (3hGTT100), with at least two abnormally high readings being required for a definite diagnosis. Screening for GDM is still a matter of dispute. Universal or selective screening? Each has its supporters. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommended universal screening until 1997, and this is still recommended for areas with a high prevalence of GDM. Diabetes during pregnancy has multiple potential consequences for mother and fetus; fetal macrosomia being the commonest. The children of diabetic mothers are also more likely to become overweight and develop impaired glucose tolerance. ADA recommendations for glycemic control in diabetic mothers-to-be include maintaining their fasting blood glucose between 60 and 95mg/dl, and their postprandial blood glucose between 80 and 120mg/dl. Measurement of urinary ketones is recommended when the patient is on a calorie-restricted diet. Lifestyle changes are an integral part of management. Insulin requirements and calorie intake must be adjusted in line with weight gain as pregnancy progresses.https://jdmd.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jdmd/article/view/12